Bootstrap 5 tutorial with frequently used classes

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Bootstrap 5 Tutorial: Frequently Used Classes

Bootstrap 5 is a popular front-end framework that allows you to design responsive and modern web pages quickly and easily. It provides a wide range of pre-built components, utilities, and classes for layout, typography, forms, buttons, navigation, and more.

In this tutorial, we'll explore Bootstrap 5 with some of the most commonly used classes, covering layouts, typography, components, and utilities that will help you get started with building responsive web pages.

1. Setting Up Bootstrap 5

There are two primary ways to include Bootstrap in your project: using a CDN (Content Delivery Network) or downloading it.

Option 1: Using a CDN

Include the following links in your HTML file:

html
<!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

<!-- Bootstrap Bundle JS (includes Popper.js) -->
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha1/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>

Option 2: Downloading Bootstrap

Download Bootstrap from getbootstrap.com and link the CSS and JS files in your HTML.

2. Bootstrap 5 Layout

The layout system in Bootstrap 5 is based on a 12-column grid, which you can use to create responsive layouts. You can use containers, rows, and columns to organize content.

.container and .container-fluid

  • .container: Creates a fixed-width container (responsive at each breakpoint).
  • .container-fluid: A full-width container that spans the entire width of the viewport.
html
<div class="container">
  <h1>Fixed-width Container</h1>
  <p>This content is inside a fixed-width container.</p>
</div>

<div class="container-fluid">
  <h1>Fluid Container</h1>
  <p>This content is inside a full-width container.</p>
</div>

.row and .col (Grid System)

  • .row: Defines a row in the grid system.
  • .col: Defines columns within the row. You can specify how many columns each element should span using classes like .col-4, .col-md-6, etc.
html
<div class="container">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">Column 1</div>
    <div class="col-md-4">Column 2</div>
    <div class="col-md-4">Column 3</div>
  </div>
</div>

3. Typography Classes

Bootstrap 5 offers various classes for typography to control font sizes, colors, and text alignment.

Headings

  • .display-1, .display-2, .display-3, .display-4: Large headings.
  • .h1, .h2, .h3, .h4, .h5, .h6: Standard headings.
html
<h1 class="display-1">Display 1 Heading</h1>
<h2 class="display-2">Display 2 Heading</h2>
<h3 class="display-3">Display 3 Heading</h3>
<h4 class="display-4">Display 4 Heading</h4>

Text Classes

  • .text-primary, .text-secondary, .text-muted, .text-center: Color and alignment classes.
html
<p class="text-primary">This text is blue (primary color).</p>
<p class="text-muted">This text is muted (lighter color).</p>
<p class="text-center">This text is centered.</p>

Font Weight

  • .fw-bold, .fw-normal, .fw-light: Change font weight.
html
<p class="fw-bold">This text is bold.</p>
<p class="fw-normal">This text is normal weight.</p>
<p class="fw-light">This text is light.</p>

4. Buttons

Bootstrap provides various button styles that are pre-styled and easy to use.

  • .btn: Base class for buttons.
  • .btn-primary, .btn-secondary, .btn-success, .btn-danger: Different button styles.
  • .btn-lg, .btn-sm: Button sizes.
  • .btn-block: Makes the button span the entire width.
html
<button class="btn btn-primary">Primary Button</button>
<button class="btn btn-secondary">Secondary Button</button>
<button class="btn btn-success">Success Button</button>
<button class="btn btn-danger">Danger Button</button>
<button class="btn btn-lg btn-warning">Large Warning Button</button>
<button class="btn btn-sm btn-info">Small Info Button</button>
<button class="btn btn-block btn-dark">Full-Width Dark Button</button>

5. Forms

Bootstrap 5 provides a variety of form components and utilities for creating input fields, checkboxes, radios, and more.

.form-control

The .form-control class is used for form inputs like text fields, text areas, selects, etc.

html
<div class="mb-3">
  <label for="exampleInputEmail1" class="form-label">Email address</label>
  <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail1" aria-describedby="emailHelp">
</div>

<div class="mb-3">
  <label for="exampleInputPassword1" class="form-label">Password</label>
  <input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword1">
</div>

<div class="mb-3 form-check">
  <input type="checkbox" class="form-check-input" id="exampleCheck1">
  <label class="form-check-label" for="exampleCheck1">Check me out</label>
</div>

<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>

.form-label

Used to style form labels.

html
<label for="exampleInputEmail1" class="form-label">Email Address</label>

6. Alerts

Bootstrap 5 comes with pre-styled alert components for displaying contextual messages.

  • .alert: Base class for alerts.
  • .alert-success, .alert-danger, .alert-warning, .alert-info: Contextual classes.
html
<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert">
  Success! Your action was completed.
</div>
<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert">
  Error! Something went wrong.
</div>
<div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
  Warning! This is a cautionary message.
</div>
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert">
  Info! This is an informational message.
</div>

7. Navbars

The navbar is a responsive navigation bar that can collapse on smaller screens.

  • .navbar: Base class for the navbar.
  • .navbar-brand: For branding/logo.
  • .navbar-nav: For the navigation links.
  • .navbar-toggler: For collapsing the navbar on mobile.
html
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-dark">
  <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a>
  <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
    <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
  </button>
  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav">
    <ul class="navbar-nav">
      <li class="nav-item">
        <a class="nav-link active" href="#">Home</a>
      </li>
      <li class="nav-item">
        <a class="nav-link" href="#">Features</a>
      </li>
      <li class="nav-item">
        <a class="nav-link" href="#">Pricing</a>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</nav>

8. Cards

Cards are flexible content containers that can hold images, text, links, and other elements.

  • .card: Base class for cards.
  • .card-body: Content area of the card.
  • .card-title, .card-text: Title and text content.
html
<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;">
  <img src="https://via.placeholder.com/150" class="card-img-top" alt="...">
  <div class="card-body">
    <h5 class="card-title">Card title</h5>
    <p class="card-text">This is some text inside a card. Cards are flexible content containers.</p>
    <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">Go somewhere</a>
  </div>
</div>

9. Utilities

Bootstrap 5 also includes a wide range of utility classes that help you customize the layout, spacing, alignment, and more.

  • Spacing: .m-1, .mt-2, .mb-3, .p-4 (for margin and padding)
  • Flexbox: .d-flex, .justify-content-center, .align-items-center
  • Display: .d-none, .d-block, .d-inline
html
<div class="d-flex justify-content-center">
  <button class="btn btn-success">Center Aligned Button</button>
</div>

Conclusion

This tutorial covered some of the most frequently used Bootstrap 5 classes for creating responsive layouts, styling text, forms, buttons, navigation bars, alerts, and more. Bootstrap 5 is a powerful, mobile-first framework that makes it easy to build modern and responsive web pages.

To explore more features and utilities, check out the official Bootstrap 5 documentation.

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